1) Implementation of collective actions to repel elephants in the northern part of KNP
In each village, improved collective governance will support the establishment of a collective and reasoned fight by local communities, "collective surveillance committees" against wildlife incursions accompanied by KNP management authorities (UWA). It is necessary to combine several methods, taking into account the situation on a given spatial and temporal scale. Elephants and chimpanzees quickly understand and adapt to the strategies put in place by humans, so it is essential to have collective strategies adapted to each territory, not relaxing surveillance and adapting them over time to the animals' responses. The aim is therefore to provide "collective surveillance committees" with equipment for non-violent monitoring and repulsion of elephants and primates, and to reduce the feeling of powerlessness and injustice of farmers living in the vicinity of KNP, but also their food insecurity and poverty. In each village, improved collective governance will make it possible to support the establishment of a collective and reasoned fight by local communities, "collective surveillance committees" against wildlife incursions accompanied by the KNP management authorities (UWA). It is necessary to combine several methods, taking into account the situation on a given spatial and temporal scale. Elephants and chimpanzees quickly understand and adapt to the strategies put in place by humans, so it is essential to have collective strategies adapted to each territory, not relaxing surveillance and adapting them over time to the animals' responses. It is therefore a question of providing "collective surveillance committees" with equipment for non-violent monitoring and repulsion of elephants and primates and reducing the feeling of powerlessness and injustice of farmers living in the KNP, but also their food insecurity and poverty.